OS X has an easy way to add keyboard shortcuts: in System Preferences.app go to the “Keyboard” preference pane, click on “Shortcuts” and then “App Shortcuts”. You can create a “global” keyboard shortcut (which will work in any application which has a matching menu item), or you can create an app specific shortcut which will only. Dec 27, 2015 I love the 'Focus' view on Word, but, by design, I lose it every time I switch over to another window. Does anybody know how to add a keyboard shortcut for 'Focus' mode?
Computers seem to perform amazing feats as they process information and display output almost instantly; but behind the scenes, they are really very simpleminded devices. All they do is plod along executing long strings of instructions that were previously written by a clever human programmer. The thing that makes a computer’s performances seem so amazing is that it executes these instructions very, very, very quickly, accurately, and tirelessly. Computers aren’t smart; they are just FAST.
But computers can’t do ANYTHING without step-by-step instructions written out for them. These lists of instructions are called programs. Programs (and the associated data) are known as software. Software needs to be installed onto a computer before it can be used. Software is often sold in sets of several programs and associated data called a software package, and typically comes on a CD-ROM or may be downloaded from the Internet. The Microsoft Office Suite is such a collection of programs and data that allows users to manipulate words, numbers, and data.
There are two major categories of software: System software and Application software.
System Software
System software controls a computer’s operations and manages a computer’s resources. System software includes the operating system, utilities, and computer programming tools.
The operating system (OS) controls the allocation of hardware resources such as memory space and CPU processing time, and handles the basic input and output (I/O) for data flowing from and to storage devices (such as hard disks) and peripherals (such as your keyboard). The operating system allows application software to access system resources without the applications having to know the details about the system hardware. The operating system often allocates resources and processing time between several programs which are running at once, which is called multitasking. Multitasking allows you to perform multiple tasks at the same time, such copying a chart from an open Excel document and pasting it into a report you have open in Word, all while your web browser is downloading a large file from the Internet in the background. It is the OS that plays traffic cop in this situation, deciding which program gets time on the CPU when, and handles the flow of data.
The operating system also includes software that provides the user with a operating environment for interacting with the computer. An operating environment could be a command-line interface (requiring the user to type in commands to control the computer), or it could be a graphical user interface (GUI, pronounced “gooey”) that allows users to interact with the computer using a mouse to point and click on icons, buttons, menus, etc.
IBM PC computers originally used the PC-DOS operating system (also sold by Microsoft to other PC users as MS-DOS). DOS is a general term that means “Disk Operating System” and old examples include DOS 3.3 for Apple II computers, and TRS-DOS of Radio Shack TRS-80 computer. However, when most people use the term DOS, they are referring to some version of Microsoft’s DOS for the PC — just as most people use the general term “PC” (which just means personal computer) to refer specifically to the IBM-PC and the PC-compatible computers descended from it.
Most PCs today use some version of the Microsoft Windows operating system (such as Windows 2000 or Windows XP). Windows includes a GUI user environment. A smaller number of PCs use the Linux operating system (a Unix-like OS).
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Macintosh computers use some variation of the Macintosh OS, which is a GUI operating system. Older macs may use Mac OS 9, but newer Macs use Mac OS X (pronounced “O S ten”). OS X is built on top of FreeBSD, a Unix-like OS.
High-end microcomputer workstations, file servers, and mainframes often run some variation of the Unix operating system.
System software also includes the software needed to access a peripheral device connected to the computer. Such software is called a device driver, and it controls I/O to the peripheral. The device drivers may come already installed in the OS, or you may have to install or update a driver when you add a new peripheral device.
System software may also include security software, such as Virus checkers and firewalls. A virus checker searches files for potentially harmful programs such as viruses, worms, or trojan horses that are written by malicious programmers. Viruses and similar programs can perform disastrous activities on your computer system, such as erasing your hard disk. To be safe, you should scan all downloaded files and messages on your PC (anti-virus software can automatically do this) and never run any e-mail attachments if you don’t know what they are. (Note: There are vastly fewer viruses that affect Macintosh computers than affect PCs.) A firewall, or similar program, protects your computer from unauthorized access over a network or telecom connection.
Utilities are programs that perform a very specific task, usually related to managing system resources such as disk drives, printers, etc. Unlike application software, utilities tend to be smaller in size and perform activities related to the computer system (scanning for viruses, manipulating file settings, scanning for disk errors, etc.). Some utilities are memory-resident programs that are loaded into RAM and operate in the background.
System software also includes the tools used to write other programs. These include compilers, assemblers, and debuggers for various computer programming languages. A programming language allows a person to write computer instructions in a language that is easier for a human to understand, but which is then converted into the low level numerical instruction codes that a computer processor unit can execute. Some programming languages include C, C++, Java, FORTRAN, COBOL, PASCAL, BASIC, Visual Basic (and such scripting languages as JavaScript and Perl).
Application Software
About the Shortcuts app
Shortcuts in iOS 12 let you get things done with your apps, with just a tap or by asking Siri. In addition to running shortcuts available on your iOS device, you can use the Shortcuts app to create custom shortcuts, simplifying everyday tasks by combining steps across multiple apps.
What's a shortcut?
A shortcut is a quick way to get one or more tasks done with your apps. The Shortcuts app lets you create your own shortcuts with multiple steps. For example, build a “Surf Time” shortcut that grabs the surf report, gives an estimated arrival time to the beach, and launches your surf music playlist.
What's an action?
An action—the building block of a shortcut—is a single step in a task. Mix and match actions to create shortcuts that interact with the apps and content on your iOS device, as well as with content and services on the Internet. Each shortcut is made up of one or more actions.
For example, a shortcut that posts an animated GIF to your Twitter account might have three consecutive actions:
- Get Latest Photos finds the most recent photos that you took on your device.
- Make GIF uses those photos to build an animated GIF.
- Tweet automatically posts the GIF to your Twitter account.
Add a shortcut from the Gallery
The Gallery features a curated collection of creative and useful shortcuts. Explore the Gallery to check out shortcut possibilities and to see how they’re built. When you find a Gallery shortcut you like, add it to your Library with a simple tap and customize it to suit your needs.
To find the Gallery, open the Shortcuts app and tap .
Swipe up or down to see categories. Tap See All to see more shortcuts in a category.
To add a shortcut, tap it, then tap Get Shortcut. Or tap Show Actions to see how that shortcut was built.
You can find the shortcut that you added in the Library tab of the Shortcuts app.
Create a new shortcut
- Open the Shortcuts app and tap the Library tab .
- Tap Create Shortcut or tap in the upper-right corner.
- Select or search actions to use in your shortcut. Then tap the actions that you want to add.
- To rearrange actions, press and hold an action, then drag it above or below the other actions.
- Tap to undo or tap to redo your steps.
- To delete an action, tap .
- To test your shortcut, tap .
- To give your shortcut a name, tap , then enter a name and tap Done.
- To save your shortcut, tap Done.
You can find your new shortcut when you open the Shortcuts app and go to the Library tab .
Edit or customize a shortcut
To edit actions in a shortcut:
- Open the Shortcuts app.
- Tap the Library tab .
- Tap in the upper-right corner of the shortcut to open the shortcuts editor.
To customize the name and appearance of your shortcut, tap in the shortcuts editor. Then you can do the following:
- Tap Name to change the name of your shortcut.
- Tap Icon to choose a Glyph and change its color.
- Tap Home Screen to choose an image from your camera roll to identify your shortcut when it's added to the Home screen.
Run a shortcut
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To run a shortcut, open the Shortcuts app and go to the Library tab . Tap the shortcut.
You can also run a shortcut by asking Siri. Go to the Today View or Home screen, tap in the upper-right corner of the shortcut, then tap . You'll see several options to run your shortcut:
- Tap Add to Siri to record a personal phrase that you can say to Siri to run your shortcut.
- Turn on Show in Widget to access your shortcut from the Today View.
- Add to Home Screen to add the shortcut to your Home screen.
Learn more
You can find more information about the Shortcuts app, including comprehensive steps for creating and using them, in the Shortcuts User Guide.
Shortcuts aren't supported on Apple TV and macOS.